New-found, intimate letters from Louis Riel's 'lost years' in exile featured at Calgary gallery

Never-before-seen writings by Louis Riel displayed at a Calgary exhibition provide a glimpse into the personal life of the man considered the father of Manitoba, during his years of exile between the two historic Métis resistances he led in Western Canada.

Devotion: Louis Riel Writes Home, which runs at the University of Calgary's Nickle Galleries until Sept. 1, includes two of the Métis leader's notebooks and around three dozen letters between Riel and close family.

About 15 of those letters were written by Riel between 1874 to 1884, a period that he spent suffering in voluntary and official exile from Manitoba for his role in the Red River Resistance, which ended in 1870, said Annie Murray, the exhibition's curator.

Riel would go on to also lead the 1885 Northwest Resistance.

"Those are sort of the lost years of Louis Riel," said Murray, the University of Calgary's rare books and special collections librarian.

"It's that in-between time in his life, between the Red River Resistance and the Northwest Resistance.… I think he was homesick the whole time, and that's what really came across to me, is the pain of all this."

Riel, who was hanged for treason at age 41 in 1885, has been a sometimes controversial figure in Canadian history, but is now widely acknowledged as the founding father of Manitoba.

The exhibition's collection was acquired by the university for an undisclosed yet "significant" amount in 2022. The documents were held by Riel's family for more than a century until a descendant of one of his siblings sold them anonymously to an Alberta store that sold rare books, said Murray.

"He wrote from all these different addresses in the United States, and then eventually he made his way to Montana, where he got married [and] had two kids," she said.

"He was a school teacher at St. Peter's Mission, and that's when Gabriel Dumont and three other men went down and said, 'You got to come up to Batoche [in present-day Saskatchewan]. We need your help.'"

One of the featured notebooks contains Riel's personal and spiritual reflections while he lived in the United States in the 1870s, said Murray. The other holds French transcripts of defence statements made by Riel and his lawyer during the Regina trial which resulted in his hanging.

Manitoba Métis Federation minister Anita Campbell said she got emotional when she learned about the items at the exhibition, because they bring Riel's exile to life.

"It's not just a letter, it's not just an artifact, it's not just a document — it's our history," said Campbell. "It's part of who we are. He is part of who we are."

Although all of the materials at the exhibition are available to view online, Campbell said she felt sad that she could only see them through a computer screen.

"The question becomes: it's in Calgary — why is it not back in the Red River Métis area?"

The Manitoba Métis Federation has been working to retrieve and repatriate Riel's belongings from Canadian museums throughout the years, but Campbell said there are other ways to bring them to the homeland of the Métis.

The federation would like to build a relationship with the University of Calgary to work out a loan of the collection so it can be displayed at Winnipeg's Métis National Heritage Centre, which is set to open in 2026, she said.

It's important that Métis people be able to view the items at the Winnipeg heritage centre because they "have an emotional and personal effect on us," said Campbell.

"Do I think that everything should stay … in the Métis heritage centre? Of course, but is that the reality?"

Métis people live all over Canada and the United States, and Métis artifacts are also spread across the two countries, said Campbell. Riel's writings at the Calgary exhibition are likely not the last of his belongings to be discovered.

Murray understands concerns about Riel's personal items being away from the Métis homeland, but said the University of Calgary was happy to house them.

"The family members made their decision about where they wanted to put it available for sale … I respect the decision," she said.

While the in-person exhibition ends in September, Murray said its purpose was to introduce the collection to the world. There is a possibility for Riel's writings to go on tour, but she said she would like to pass the baton to other curators and see how they engage with the pieces.

"It's just the beginning," she said. "It's a special historical collection that I think people will feel connected to in different ways."

Part of the Calgary exhibition includes a portrait of Riel by Métis artist David Garneau, which is encircled by eight letters written by the leader and his family and which Murray placed atop a map of the Red River. She said it represents the close-knit family circle Riel maintained during his exile.

"The one word that kept coming up in my mind as I was thinking about this exhibition is that he is a man of devotion. He is devoted to his family. He is devoted to God. He is devoted to the Métis people."

Murray said her work on the exhibition showed her how compelling Riel was as a person.

"He's such a large figure in history. We've seen many pictures of him, and we hear a lot of stories, but it's something else to look at a thing he wrote," she said.

"It's amazing to me, but not surprising, how he just keeps everyone's interest after all this time."