Daily drinking can lead to binging, Canadian study concludes
Regular alcohol consumption can lead to binge drinking among all gender and age groups, a new study suggests.
"What we found is that when people drink more often, they are more likely to drink more, take more drinks, and go to binge drinking," said Andrée Demers of Université de Montréal, the study's main researcher.
She classified binge drinking as five drinks or more per occasion.
"Usually you take one or two drinks," she said Thursday. "If you want to celebrate, you're going to take two or three or four or five drinks."
The study was conducted by researchers from the Université de Montréal and the University of Western Ontario and published in the latest edition of Addiction.
Sales of alcoholic beverages (2007) | ||
| Region | Beer ($ thousands) | Wine ($ thousands) |
| Canada | 8,422,697 | 5,045,594 |
| N.L. | 179,862 | 37,215 |
| P.E.I. | 35,010 | 11,482 |
| Nova Scotia | 272,339 | 97,208 |
| New Brunswick | 220,119 | 62,264 |
| Quebec | 2,299,385 | 1,729,218 |
| Ontario | 2,899,955 | 1,719,389 |
| Manitoba | 244,022 | 104,471 |
| Saskatchewan | 237,093 | 56,374 |
| Alberta | 881,852 | 434,229 |
| British Columbia | 1,116,129 | 781,737 |
| Yukon | 14,999 | 5,753 |
| Nunavut | 3,324 | 261 |
| Northwest Territories | 18,610 | 5,994 |
The study defines one drink as five ounces of wine, 1.5 ounces of liquor, 12 ounces of beer or cooler, or three ounces of port, sherry or vermouth.
About 11,000 respondents — 5,743 women and 4,723 men — were asked to report on their alcohol consumption over a year. The data was gathered by the Genacis Canada project, an international collaboration looking at how social and cultural differences can influence drinking habits.
Demers said women tend to drink less than men.
Demers says the study is relevant given other studies that tout the health virtues of a moderate amount of beverages such as red wine.
Safe amount same on special occasions
"With all this publicity of having one glass, there is no problem with this, and drink moderately, we get the idea that we can drink every day and that's OK," Demers said.
"Of course that can be OK, but what we are saying is that there is a risk that people will start to drink more often in a heavy way on some occasions.
"The safe amount is always the same thing — one or two drinks per day, not more, and no intoxication."
Catherine Paradis, also a professor at the Université de Montréal, pointed out regular drinking builds up tolerance.
"Therefore, daily drinkers will need more than their usual drink or two to make a difference with everyday life and gain that festive feeling. That fosters drinking beyond healthy limits — at least sporadically and perhaps weekly — to five drinks or more per occasion.
"And five units is above the recommended limits of healthy drinking."
She said there is no clear understanding of what constitutes moderate drinking.
"Its meaning varies between cultures and within cultures according to gender, age, socio-economic status and people's self-reported tolerance," Paradis said.
"Since regular drinking could increase alcohol abuse, Canadian drinking guidelines should take this aspect of the drinking pattern into account."
Demers said the different cultural attitudes to drinking were driven home to her when she presented a study on Canadian drinking habits at a conference in Norway.
"They were looking at me and they did not understand," she said of the Norwegians, noting she told them Canadians drink moderately and don't often get intoxicated.
"They said, 'But what's the point of drinking if it's not to get intoxicated?' "