Large doses of red wine extract help mice live longer: study
Huge amounts of a red wine extract seemed to help obese mice eat a high-fat diet and still live a long and healthy life, suggests a new study that some experts are calling "landmark" research.
The big question is: Can it work the same magic in humans?
Scientists say it's too early to start swilling barrels of red wine. But they are calling the latest research promising and "spectacular."
The study, by the Harvard Medical School and the National Institute of Aging, suggests heavy doses of red wine extract lowers the rate of diabetes, liver problems and other fat-relatedproblems in obese mice.
Fat-related deaths dropped 31 per cent for obese mice on the supplement, compared to untreated obese mice, and the treated mice also lived long after they should have, the study said.
Astoundingly, the organs of the fat mice that got the wine extract looked normal when they shouldn't have, said the study's lead author, Dr. David Sinclair of Harvard Medical School. And Sinclair said other preliminary work shows the wine ingredient has promise in increasingthe lifespan of normal-sized mice, too.
For years, red wine has been linked to numerous health benefits.
But the new study, published online in the journal Nature on Thursday, suggests that mammals given ultra-high doses of the red wine extract resveratrol can get the good effects of cutting calories without having the pain of actually doing it.
"If we're right about this, it would mean you could have the benefit of restricting calories without having to feel hungry," Sinclair said. "It's the Holy Grail of aging research."
'It's the Holy Grail of aging research.' -Study's lead author, Dr. David Sinclair
Resveratrol, produced when plants are under stress, are found in the skin of grapes and in other plants, including peanuts and some berries.
The 55 resveratrol-treated obese mice on a high-calorie diet (one scientist called it a "McDonald's diet")were not only about as healthy as normal mice, but theywere as agile and active on exercise equipment as their lean cousins, showing what can be considered a normal quality of life, higher than usual for obese mice, said
study co-author Rafael de Cabo of the National Institute on Aging.
"These fat old mice can perform as well on this skill test as young lean mice," Sinclair said.
Safety issues not addressed
The only major body measurement that didn't improve— aside from weight— was cholesterol, and that didn't seem to matter in the overall health of the mice, Sinclair said.
The study is so promising that the aging institute this week has strongly considered a repeat of the same experiment with rhesus monkeys, coming the closest to humans, after succeeding in using resveratrol on yeast, worms, fruit flies and now mice, said institute director Dr. Richard Hodes.
Hodes cautions that it's too early for people to start taking non-regulated resveratrol supplements because safety issues haven't been addressed adequately. He pointed to past hyped medical treatments, such as estrogen, that turned out to cause more harm than good.
Sinclair has a financial stake in the research. He is co-founder of a pharmaceutical firm Sirtris Pharmaceuticals Inc. of Cambridge, Mass., which is conducting a study testing the safety of using the extract on humans for treatment of diabetes.
Sirtris is working on a high-dose resveratrol pill that unlike unregulated supplements on the market, would be used as a drug and require Food and Drug Administration approval, said company chief executive officer Dr. Christoph Westphal. And that development and federal approval is about five years away, he said.
Sinclair's results are so promising that he rushed the study into the science journal while the obese mice are still alive, not waiting several more weeks or months until they die. That raises some issues, including specific figures about mortality, but is understandable, said outside experts.
Like drinking100 bottles of wine daily
Even would-be competitors are praising the study.
"It's a fairly spectacular result," said University of Wisconsin medical professor Dr. Richard Weindruch, who co-founded another biotech company that looks at the genetics of aging and drugs that could expand lifespans. "People will go to McDonald's and afterwards they'll do super-sized resveratrol."
"This is fantastic," said Stephen Helfand, a Brown University molecular biology professor who was the first reviewer for Nature and not part of the team. "This is a historic landmark contribution."
Helfand said he won't be taking red wine extract supplements, but he has put his elderly mother on them. He said he's waiting to see if there are long-term ill effects for humans.
Mice, he said, are good initial test subjects for human drugs because their bodies function more similarly to humans than differently. However, he added that those differences can prove crucial.
Sinclair said he takes resveratrol supplements, but doesn't recommend it for others. Sinclair's mice took such high doses of resveratrol that it would be the equivalent of an adult drinking 100 bottles of wine daily.
Resveratrol works by spurring activity and regrowth in cells' mitochondria, which Sinclair called "the energy powerhouses of the cell."
Some scientists, such as Weindruch and Hodes, worry that the research may encourage people to forget about their diets and wait for a red wine cure-all that may never come.
"It's not an excuse to overeat," Sinclair said. But he added that for mice at least, this shows you can be "fat, happy, healthy and vigorous."