Virgin Galactic didn't prepare for human error ahead of SpaceShipTwo crash, NTSB
'The system has to be designed to compensate for the error'
The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board concluded Tuesday that the developer of a commercial spacecraft that broke apart over the Mojave Desert last year failed to protect against the possibility of human error, specifically the co-pilot's premature unlocking of a braking system that triggered the in-flight breakup of the vehicle.
In its recommendation, the board took pains to make clear that Scaled Composites, an aerospace company that has partnered with Virgin Galactic to develop the spacecraft, should have had systems in place to overcome the co-pilot's mistake.
My point is that a single-point human failure has to be anticipated.- Robert Sumwalt, NTSB member
NTSB Chairman Christopher Hart said he didn't believe the company took shortcuts that compromised the spacecraft's safety. Rather, he said, it didn't consider that the crew would make such a mistake.
"The assumption was these highly trained test pilots would not make mistakes in those areas, but truth be told, humans are humans," Hart said after the hearing's conclusion. "And even the best-trained human on their best day can make mistakes."
Aerodynamic overload
At the onset of the hearing, investigators told the board that the co-pilot unlocked the braking system and the resulting forces caused the brakes to actually be applied. The "aerodynamic overload" caused the ship to break-up, though Hart said that protections have been put in place since.
"We are confident that the steps they have taken would prevent this accident from happening," Hart said.
The spaceship broke apart over the Mojave Desert during a test flight 10 months ago. The accident killed the co-pilot and seriously injured the pilot.
In determining the probable cause of the accident, board members were focused on how well officials prepared for the worst. Scaled Composites developed the craft for Virgin Galactic, and NTSB member Robert Sumwalt said the company "put all their eggs in the basket of the pilots doing it correctly."
"My point is that a single-point human failure has to be anticipated," Sumwalt said. "The system has to be designed to compensate for the error."
Hart said he hoped the investigation will prevent such an accident from happening again. He said the NTSB learned "with a high degree of certainty the events that resulted in the breakup."
"Many of the safety issues that we will hear about today arose not from the novelty of a space launch test flight, but from human factors that were already known elsewhere in transportation," Hart said.
Virgin Galactic has been proceeding with its plans for space flight and is now building another craft. Company officials have said in recent months that their commitment to commercial spacecraft has not wavered despite the crash and they expect the company to resume test flights later this year. Eventually, the company envisions flights with six passengers climbing more than 62 miles (100 kilometers) above Earth.