ISIS fighting near Fallujah creates 'dire situation'

ISIS fighters halted an Iraqi army assault on the city of Fallujah with a counter-attack at its southern gates on Tuesday, while the United Nations warned of peril for civilians trapped in the city and used by militants as human shields.

The Iraqi army's assault on Fallujah has begun what is expected to be one of the biggest battles ever fought against ISIS, with the government backed by world powers including the United States and Iran, and determined to win back the first major Iraqi city that fell to the group in 2014.

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A week after Baghdad announced the start of the assault, its troops advanced in large numbers into the city limits for the first time on Monday, pouring into rural territory on its southern outskirts but stopping short of the main built-up area.

Baghdad describes the assault to retake the city as a potential turning point in its U.S.-backed campaign to defeat the ultra-hardline Sunni Muslim militants who rule a self-proclaimed caliphate across much of Iraq and Syria.

Fallujah, where U.S. troops fought the biggest battles of their own 2003-11 occupation against the precursors to Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, is the militants' closest bastion to Baghdad, believed to be the base from which they have waged a campaign of suicide bombings on the capital less than an hour's drive away.

Retaking it would give the government control of the main population centres in the fertile Euphrates River valley west of the capital for the first time in more than two years.

But the assault is also a test of the army's ability to capture territory while protecting civilians. Although most of Fallujah's population is believed to have fled during six months of siege, 50,000 people are still thought to be trapped inside with limited access to food, water or healthcare.

'Human catastrophe'

"A human catastrophe is unfolding in Fallujah. Families are caught in the crossfire with no safe way out," said Jan Egeland, secretary-general of the Norwegian Refugee Council, one of the organizations helping families displaced from the city.

"Warring parties must guarantee civilians safe exit now, before it's too late and more lives are lost," he said.

A spokeswoman for the NRC in Baghdad told CBC News the situation is dire.

"They've not had any access to food, water, there's no medicine, there's no electricity," Becky Bakr Abdulla said.

"There's no fuel. They've had to survive on dried dates. Some have found rotten yogurt and rice. And the only drinking water is hot water from the river."

Families are simply trying to find a way to avoid the crossfire, she said.

The United Nations said there were reports that the militants were using several hundred families as human shields in the city centre, a tactic they have employed in other locations in Iraq. It said 3,700 people had managed to escape the city in the past week.

"Most people able to get out come from the outskirts of Fallujah. For some time militants have been controlling movements, we know civilians have been prevented from fleeing," said Ariane Rummery, spokeswoman for UN refugee agency UNHCR.

"There are also reports from people who left in recent days that they are being required to move with ISIL within Fallujah," she said, using an alternate acronym for the group which is also known as Daesh.

Abdulla said she only knows of one family that has escaped from the city of Fallujah, but about 560 families have escaped from surrounding villages.

"The families that have managed to escape the fighting, they're all traumatized," she told CBC News. "They're extremely afraid. They're afraid for the lives of the families and friends they left behind. So no doubt, it's an extremely dire situation. And we remain very, very concerned for the lives of those 50,000 people who remain trapped."

Soldiers from Iraq's elite Rapid Response Team stopped their advance overnight about 500 metres from the al-Shuhada district, the southeastern part of city's main built-up area, an army commander and a police officer said.

Militants dug in

"Our forces came under heavy fire, they are well dug in in trenches and tunnels," said the commander speaking in Camp Tariq, the rear army base south of Falluja, 50 kilometres west of Baghdad.

Reuters journalists in the area could hear explosions from artillery shelling and airstrikes from a U.S.-led coalition supporting the Iraqi forces.

A staff member of Fallujah's main hospital said it received reports of 32 civilians killed on Monday. Medical sources had reported that the death toll in the city stood at about 50 — 30 civilians and 20 militants — during the first week of the offensive which had yet to involve street fighting.

Foreign aid organizations are not present in Fallujah but are providing help in camps to those who manage to exit.

Fallujah is the second-largest Iraqi city still under control of the militants, after Mosul, their de facto capital in the north that had a pre-war population of about two million.

Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi announced the assault on Fallujah on May 22 after a spate of bombings that killed more than 150 people in one week in Baghdad, the worst death toll so far this year. A series of bombings claimed by Islamic State also hit Baghdad on Monday, killing more than 20 people.

Political pressure

The worsening security situation in the capital has added to political pressure on Abadi, a member of Iraq's Shia majority who is trying to hold a ruling coalition together in the face of public protests against an entrenched political class.

He has called for politicians to set aside their differences and rally behind the army during the Fallujah offensive.

Shia militia groups backed by Iran are also taking part in the offensive against ISIS, but are holding back from participating in the main assault on Fallujah to avoid inflaming sectarian tension.

Reuters journalists saw hundreds of Shia militia fighters rallying at one location near Saqlawiya, a village north of Fallujah still under ISIS control.

The United States is leading a coalition conducting airstrikes in support of the Iraqi government offensive, and says it is having success in rolling back Islamic State.

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In neighbouring Syria, U.S. forces have also aided mainly Kurdish fighters who have seized territory from the militants, as has the Russian-backed government of President Bashar al-Assad.

Fallujah has been a bastion of the Sunni insurgency that fought both the U.S. occupation of Iraq and the Shia-led Baghdad government that took over after the fall of dictator Saddam Hussein, a Sunni, in 2003.

It would be the third major city in Iraq recaptured by the government after Saddam's home town Tikrit and Ramadi, the capital of Iraq's vast western Anbar province, which also includes Fallujah.