French dock workers throw smoke bombs as labour reform protests escalate
Union activists disrupt fuel supplies, trains and nuclear plants during day of demonstrations
French protesters scuffled with police, dock workers set off smoke bombs and union activists disrupted fuel supplies and nuclear plants Thursday in the biggest challenge yet to President Françanois Hollande's government as it tries to give employers more flexibility.
On a day of nationwide strikes and protests, French Prime Minister Manuel Valls opened the door to possible changes in the labour bill that's triggering all the anger — but said the government would not abandon it.
Union activists said it's too late to compromise. Posters at a protest in the port of Le Havre bore a blood red tombstone representing the bill reading: "Not amendable, not negotiable: Withdraw the El Khomri Law."
The draft law, aimed at boosting hiring after a decade of nearly 10 per cent unemployment and slow but corrosive economic decline, relaxes rules around the 35-hour work week, weakens the power of unions and leaves workers less protected from layoffs.
Determined to defend France's labour protections, union activists have targeted the strategic fuel industry in recent days, causing gasoline shortages. The country's two main oil ports were blocked Thursday and only two of the France's eight refineries were working, the head of the UFIP oil industry lobby, Francis Duseux, told The Associated Press.
"There could be improvements and modifications" in the bill, Valls said on BFM television Thursday. He didn't elaborate on what might be changed, and insisted that the "heart" of the bill — a measure weakening the power of unions over workplace rules — should remain.
Withdrawing the bill "is not possible," he said.
Union activists and ordinary workers took to the streets in several cities. In Paris, police detained nine people and scuffled with masked protesters as several thousands marched from the Bastille plaza through eastern Paris.
Members of the firmly leftist CGT union, leading the protests, remain angry that the government forced the bill through the lower house of parliament without a vote because of division in the Socialist majority.
"Valls is hardening his tone? Well we're hardening our tone, too!" an organizer shouted into a loudspeaker at the Normandy Bridge, in northern France, where some 200 to 300 trade unionists and other protesters gathered to block traffic.
Protests escalate
The union activists then made their way into the port city of Le Havre, waving red flags, a percussion band leading the way. At least 10,000 dock workers and others poured into an esplanade in front of Le Havre city hall, setting off smoke bombs and threatening bystanders. They tossed powerful fireworks into the fountains, sending plumes of water rising into the air as the square reverberated with explosions.
The demonstration was rowdy at times — one AP journalist was egged and the protesters pelted the mayor's office with paint bombs — yet protesters took care to stay off the manicured lawn. One demonstrator was spotted urinating against the mayor's office beside bright yellow graffiti reading: "Hollande, Valls, Resign."
Fabien Gloaguen, an activist with the militant Worker's Force movement, said the government would have to back down. "He's going to withdraw it," Gloaguen said.
Valls insisted the bill is "good for workers" and small businesses, and argued that many of its critics are ill-informed of its contents.
Less protection for workers
In addition to loosening rules about the 35-hour work week, the bill makes it easier to fire workers in times of economic downturn, and weakens the power of unions to set working conditions across an entire sector.
The stakes are high for the deeply unpopular Hollande, whose term runs out next year, and for French unions, which have lost membership in recent years.
"We're at an interesting juncture. If the movement finishes once more in failure, it might make further mobilization more complicated," said Stephane Sirot, a historian of the French union movement at the University of Cergy-Pontoise.
He said it's been decades since a left-wing government has been confronted with a nationwide strike of this magnitude.
Two months of protests escalated over the past week as unions targeted the sensitive oil industry, blocking fuel depots and refineries.
The government has started using its strategic fuel reserves and forcing depots to reopen, but supplies remained spotty Thursday, with long lines and caps on purchases.
Drivers endured long waits to reach gas pumps, railing at the strikes, the government and the overall funk in France. Prices have risen noticeably at gas pumps and some stations are rationing.
But at the blocked Normandy Bridge, at least one pair of travellers said they didn't mind.
"It's for us that they're doing this," said Jean-Luc Geraert, whose battered white van was caught behind the makeshift barricade. Geraert, a 55-year-old industrial painter, said if the government doesn't back down soon, "it's going to get worse."