U.S. Supreme Court pauses deportations of Venezuelan migrants under wartime law
ACLU says proper reviews not done before men put on buses for deportation
The U.S. Supreme Court early on Saturday paused President Donald Trump's administration from deporting Venezuelan men in immigration custody after their lawyers said they were at imminent risk of removal without the judicial review previously mandated by the justices.
"The government is directed not to remove any member of the putative class of detainees from the United States until further order of this court," the justices said in a brief, unsigned decision.
Conservative Justices Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito publicly dissented from the decision, issued around 12:55 a.m. ET.
Lawyers for the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) filed urgent requests on Friday in multiple courts, including the Supreme Court, urging immediate action after reporting that some of the men had already been loaded onto buses and were told they were to be deported.
The ACLU said the rapid developments meant the administration was poised to deport the men using a 1798 law — which historically has been employed only in wartime — without affording them a realistic opportunity to contest their removal as the Supreme Court had required.
The White House did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the Supreme Court decision.
Prospect of constitutional crisis
The case raises questions about the Trump administration's adherence to limits set by the Supreme Court. It carries the risk of a significant clash between the two coequal branches of government and potentially a full-blown constitutional crisis.
Elected last year on a promise to crack down on migrants, Trump invoked the 1798 Alien Enemies Act in an attempt to swiftly deport accused members of Tren de Aragua, a criminal gang originating from Venezuelan prisons that his administration labels a terrorist group.
The law was last used to detain non-citizens of Japanese, German and Italian descent during the Second World War.
The president and his senior aides have asserted that their executive power grants them wide authority on immigration matters, testing the balance of power between branches of government.
During a hearing on Friday, a government lawyer said in a related case that he was unaware of plans by the Department of Homeland Security to deport the men that day but there could be deportations on Saturday.
Trump scored one victory on Friday when an appeals court put on hold a threat by District Judge James Boasberg of contempt charges.
Boasberg also denied an ACLU request to block Trump from deporting suspected members of Tren de Aragua, citing an April 7 Supreme Court ruling that allowed Trump to use the Alien Enemies Act, albeit with certain limits.
Boasberg said he was concerned the government would deport additional people as soon as Saturday but that, "at this point, I just don't think I have the power to do anything about it."
Trump previously called for Boasberg's impeachment following an adverse ruling, prompting a rare rebuke from U.S. Chief Justice John Roberts.
While one hearing played out in Boasberg's court, the ACLU worked on a separate track to halt the deportations of Venezuelans held in Texas.
ACLU lawyers filed with the Supreme Court after failing to get a rapid response from earlier filings on Friday — before U.S. District Judge James Hendrix in Abilene, Texas, and the Fifth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans — to block any such deportations.
In Saturday's order, the Supreme Court invited the administration to file a response to the ACLU's request after the Fifth Circuit acts.
Forms indicated men are gang members, ACLU says
The ACLU said the men had been handed forms indicating they were classified as members of Tren de Aragua.
At issue is whether the Trump administration has met the Supreme Court's standard for providing the detainees due process before sending them to another country — possibly to the notorious prison in El Salvador where others are jailed.
It was unclear on Friday how many people were potentially to be deported, and where they might be taken.
The ACLU filed a photo of one of the notices with the court.
"You have been determined to be an Alien Enemy subject to apprehension, restraint and removal," read the notice. The recipient's name was obscured, and it was noted that the migrant refused to sign it on Friday.
Trump supports removal of 'bad people'
Asked about the planned deportations on Friday, Trump said he was unfamiliar with the particular case but added: "If they're bad people, I would certainly authorize it."
"That's why I was elected. A judge wasn't elected," he told reporters at the White House.
Defence lawyers and Democrats in Congress have pressed the administration to demonstrate how it knows the Venezuelans are members of the gang, which is active in human trafficking and other crimes in South America but has a smaller U.S. presence.
"We are not going to reveal the details of counter-terrorism operations, but we are complying with the Supreme Court's ruling," Tricia McLaughlin, the assistant secretary for U.S. Homeland Security, said in a statement on Friday.
On March 15, the Trump administration deported more than 130 alleged Tren de Aragua members to El Salvador. Many of the migrants' lawyers and family members say they were not gang members and had no chance to dispute the government's assertion that they were.